z 

675 
N4 
L6 
MAIN 


B   M   EDI   7MD 


Newspaper 

Library 

Manual 


Adapted  for  use  in  Newspaper 
Offices  and  Schools  of  Journalism 


BY 

GUSTAF  V.  LINDNER 

Librarian  New  York  Herald 

Ex-Assistant  in  Reference  Dcpt.  of  the  N.  Y.  Pub.  Library 

LEMCKE  &  aUECHNER. 
NEW  YORK. 


Copyright,  1912 
By  GUSTAF  V.  LINDNER 


Newspaper    Library    Manual 


Adapted  for  use  in  Newspaper  Offices 
and  Schools  of  Journalism 


■ .  >  » , 


.- 


BY 


GUSTAF  V.   LINDNKR 

Librarian  New  Vork  Herald 
Kx-Assistant  in  Reference  Depr.  of  the  N.  Y.  Pub.  Library 


y 


CONTENDS 


Introduction 5 

Librarian  and  His  Duties 6 

Library 7 

Reference  Department 8 

Special  Works 16 

Cataloguing 18 

Indexing  Department 19 

Index  Subjects 23 

Book  Suggestions 33 

Samples  of  Card  Entries,  Records,  etc 39 

Library  Furniture  41 


>    t< 


INTRODUCTION. 

In  journalistic  routine  it  is  obviously  necessary  at 
times  to  make  use  of  information  gathered  from  refer- 
ence works  and  records  of  various  kinds.  For  this  pur- 
pose a  newspaper  office  usually  has  as  its  adjunct  a 
library,  or  reference  department,  more  or  less  complete- 
ly equipped,  according  to  the  utility  expected  of  the  same 
in  each  instance.     The.  main  purpose  of  such  a  library 

is    to   furnish    rendily    -■viil'ihln    nnrl    nccnr:ilc    infnrmatimT 

on  any  topic  subject  to  publicity  In  order  to  serve  these 
aims  properly,  peculiar  requirements  are  demanded  of  a 
newspaper  library,  in  regard  to  the  selection  of  books, 
their  cataloguing  and  arrangement,  and  also,  especially 
in  the  office  of  a  large  daily  newspaper,  in  regard  to  the 
system  of  managing  the  service  itself  by  the  librarian 
and  his  assistants.  No  matter  how  complete  a  library  of 
this  kind  may  be,  its  value  is  considerably  lessened  in 
cases  where  the  accessibility  of  the  material  is  hampered, 
either  by  lack  of  convenient  service- methods,  or  by  a 
reference  system  involving  too  much  cumbersome  red 
tape  and,  consequently,  entailing  a  loss  of  valuable  time. 
Since  the  importance  of  the  library  to  exhaustive  and 
systematic  journalistic  production  is  self-evident  and 
fully  recognized  in  the  offices  of  our  modern  and  enter- 
prising newspapers,  the  suggestions  contained  in  this 
manual  may  be  of  some  practical  value,  not  only  to  those 
who  already  are,  or  eventually  will  be,  in  charge, of  a 
newspaper  library,  but  also  to  students  of  journalism,  in 
general.  The  result  of  many  years  of  actual  experience 
in  library  and  newspaper  work  is  here  compiled  in  con- 
cise form  and  the  manual  may  therefore  serve  its  pri- 
mary purpose  as  a  ready  hand  book  for  newspaper  libra- 
rians. 

5 

257883 


:l^ 


NEWSPAPER  LIBRARY  WOR] 

I. 

THE  LIBRARIAN  AND  HIS  GENERAL  DUTIES. 

On  a  daily  newspaper  the  librarian  has  oftentimes  one 
or  more  assistants,  especially  if  any  extensive  indexing  is 
being  done.  Among  these  assistants  one  is  assigned  to 
the  inquiry  desk,  where  members  of  the  editorial  staff 
apply  for  information.  The  inquiry  clerk,  or  librarian, 
will  not  only  advise  questioners  about  sources  from  which 
the  desired  information  may  be  gained,  but  will  also  pro- 
duce the  reference  material  itself  and  assist  in  looking 
up  whatever  dates  and  facts  may  be  wanted.  The  books, 
clippings,  etc.,  thus  produced,  should  be  consulted  in  the 
library,  and  when  the  research  is  finished,  the  inquiry 
clerk  must  be  notified,  in  order  that  he  may  restore  the 
material  used  to  proper  locations.  This  is  preferable  to 
allowing  staff  members  to  attend  to  shelving  of  books 
which  they  have  been  consulting.  In  the  latter  event, 
books  are  easily  misplaced,  and  time — one  of  the  all-im- 
portant considerations  in  conveying  news  to  the  public — - 
is  lost  to  the  editor,  or  reporter,  as  the  case  may  be. 

As  a  rule,  reference  material  must  not  be  removed 
from  the  library,  except  under  urgent  conditions.  When 
it  is  deemed  advisable  to  permit  a  staff  member  to  take  a 
l>n<>k  temporarily  out  of  the  library  to  some  other  de- 
partment, but  not  out  of  the  office,  he  is  required  to  sign 
a  receipt,  which  is  thereupon  dated  and  filed  away  by 
tlie  librarian,  who  will  destroy  it  upon  the  return  of  the 
borrowed  material  in  good  condition.  Some  general 
reference  books,  for  instance,  dictionaries,  encyclopedias, 
gazetteers,  maps,  etc.,  are  never  allowed  to  be  taken  out 
of  the  library  on  any  pretext. 

Record  is  kept  of  all  inquiries  made  by  staff  members, 
giving  names  of  inquirer  and  attendant,  subject  of  in- 
quiry, time  consumed  in  research  and  result  obtained. 
This  is  done  principally  to  enable  the  librarian  to  product' 
documentary  evidence,  in  case  subsequent  developments 
in    connection   with   any   article   or   item   should   make   it 

6 


desirable  to  trace  its  origin  in  detail.  A  day  journal  is 
also  kept  by  the  librarian,  in  which  he  records  the  pres- 
ence and  hours  of  duty  of  the  members  in  his  depart- 
ment. The  service  must  be  arranged  so  that  it  covers 
every  hour  of  the  day  and  night,  when  any  members 
of  the  editorial  staff  are  on  duty  in  the  offiee. 

Besides  attending  to  requests  from  staff  members, 
the  librarian,  or  his  assistant,  usually  answers  letters  of 
inquiry  from  subscribers  and  other  readers  of  the  paper. 
Such  correspondence  is,  in  most  instances,  addressed  to 
the  General  Manager,  or  The  Editor,  and  is  forwarded 
to  the  librarian  for  reply.  The  latter  will  not  answer  anv 
inquiries  of  this  sort  without  the  authorization  of  either 
of  the  above  officials,  or  of  somebody  else  who  is  em- 
powered to  give  instructions  in  the  matter. 

II.  ,  ■      ~ 

THE  LIBRARY. 

To  equip  a  newspaper  library  is  rather  expensive,  if 
a  fairly  adequate  collection  of  reference  and  other  use- 
ful works  is  desired.  The  greater  number  of  such  books 
must  be  bought,  and  as  some  of  them  appear  in  new 
and  revised  editions  annually,  or  periodically,  it  is  not 
enough  to  lay  out  a  considerable  amount  of  money  once 
for  all  <>n  these  costly  works,  but  a  regular  annual  ap- 
propriation is  needed  to  keep  a  newspaper  library  sup- 
plied with  up-to-date  general  reference  material. 

Quite  a  few  books,  however,  covering  subjects  which 
ought  to  be  represented  in  a  newspaper  library,  may  be 
selected  from  those  sent  in  by  publishers  for  review. 
(  Hhers.  like  public  documents,  annual  reports  of  institu- 
tions and  societies,  catalogues,  etc.,  may  be  obtained 
simply  by  making  request  for  them. 

Two  distinct  divisions  constitute  a  complete  news- 
paper library.  (  )ne  is  the  reference  department,  or 
library  proper.  The  other  is  the  indexing  department, 
which  is  of  secondary  character,  supplementing  the  for- 
mer in  regard  to  detail  information  contained  in  files  of 
contemporary  newspapers,  or  periodical  publications.  It 
will  be  dealt  with  later  on.  after  due  attention  has  been 
given  to  the  principal  part  of  the  newspaper  library,  its 
reference  department. 


III. 

THE  REFERENCE  DEPARTMENT. 

Material  in  this  department  can  be  classified  in  four 
principal  groups : 

General  Reference  Works. 
Biographical  Works. 
Public  Documents. 
Portraits  and  Pictures. 

I.  General  Reference  Works. — Under  this  caption 
come,  generally  speaking,  such  books  as  are  commonly 
found  on  the  "open  shelves"  in  the  public  libraries,  i.  e.} 
works  containing  standard  information,  of  one  kind  or 
another,  systematized  in  a  way  to  make  it  easily,  avail- 
able to  the  average  searcher. 

For  the  sake  of  more  expediency,  the  group  may  be 
subdivided  in  several  sections : 

{a)  Dictionaries  of  English  and  Other  Languages. — 
It  is  needless  to  assert  that  an  English  dictionary  of 
highest  quality  is  the  first  requisite  in  a  newspaper  library. 
I  f  the  appropriation  at  the  disposal  of  the  librarian  will 
allow  it,  copies  of  the  same  dictionary  should  be  placed 
also  in  the  reporters'  room,  on  the  copy  desk,  and  with 
the  proofreader^.  To  insure  uniformity  in  spelling,  all 
these  copies  must  be  of  one  edition. 

As  to  dictionaries  of  foreign  languages,  it  would  be 
well  to  have  as  many  of  them  as  may  be  found  prac- 
ticable. French  and  German  dictionaries  are  highly  de- 
sirable, and  one  of  the  Latin  language  is  almost  indis- 
pensable, at  least  one  containing  the  expressions  and 
phrases  used  in  common  legal  and  medical  parlance.  A 
Spanish  dictionary  will  prove  a  valuable  asset,  in  view 
uf  the  extensive  field  for  news  presented  in  the  Spanish- 
speaking  possessions  of  the  LTnited  States  and  the  Latin- 
American  countries. 

(b)  Encyclopedias. — At  least  one  general  work  of 
this  character  must  be  found  in  the  library  of  a  news- 
paper office.  Then  there  are  encyclopedic  works  in  spe- 
cial branches  of  science  and  knowledge  which  are  very 
serviceable  and  time-saving  and  supply  more  detail  in- 
formation on  account  of  being  confined  within  their  own 
specific  ranges  of  subjects.     To  this  class  of  reference 

s 


books  belong  dictionaries  of  architecture,  art,  law,  litera- 
ture, medicine,  music,  mythology,  painting,  poetry,  qu< 
tations,  religion,  statistics  etc.     Among  them  may  also  be 
grouped  Concordance  of  the   Bible,  Dictionary  of  Days, 
historical  dictionaries,  books  of  facts  and  the  like. 

(c)  Annuals. — This  group  comprises  publications  of 

many  different  kinds,  such  as  almanacs,  year-books  of 
societies,  churches  and  other  institutions,  university  and 
college  catalogues,  etc.  Much  of  this  material  comes  un- 
solicited to  a  newspaper  office  and  should  always  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  librarian,  that  be  may  select  from  it  what 
seems  to  be  worth  keeping  for  future  reference.  Al- 
manacs are  always  handy  to  have  in  a  newspaper  library, 
because  they  usually  contain  much  local  information  as 
well  as  election  tables,  records,  digests  and  reviews  of 
many  kinds. 

(d)  Atlases  and  Gazetteers. — One  good  atlas  of  the 
world  on  a  fairly  large  scale  is  absolutely  necessary,  and 
so  are  detail  maps  of  the  states,  territories  and  extrane- 
ous possessions  of  the  United  States.  The  state  maps 
should  show  county  divisions  very  plainly,  and  those  of 
the  locality  where  the  newspaper  concerned  has  its  head- 
quarters and  principal  circulation  must  be  as  perfect  in 
detail  as  possible.  Gazetteers  are  often  appended  to  at- 
lases, but  it  is  advisable  also  to  have  a  complete  work 
of  that  kind.  Of  great  assistance  f<>r  geographical  pur- 
poses are  a  I  nited  States  Post  Office  Guide  and  a  Rail- 
road Guide,  the  latter  having  outline  maps  of  the  various 
railway  systems. 

(e  i  Directories  of  Addresses. — Local  address  and 
business  directories  must  be  accessible  at  all  times  in  a 
newspaper  office.  If  only  one  copy  of  each  is  supplied, 
it  would  almost  be  better  to  place  the  address  directory, 
at  least,  with  the  City  Editor,  or  his  assistant,  who  gives 
assignments  to  the  reporters,  than  in  the  library.  How- 
ever, copies  ought  to  be  kept  also  there  and  in  the  busi- 
ness office  of  the  establishment.  Address  directories  of 
other  localities,  including  foreign  capitals,  are  not  ex- 
actly needed,  but  may  on  occasion  be  of  great  service. 
especially  the  foreign  ones  with  their  valuable  miscel- 
laneous information,  much  of  which  can  be  used  to  good 
advantage  as  supplementary  matter  to  short  cable  des- 
patches, in  offices  making  a  feature  of  their  foreign  news. 


2.  Biographical  Works. — This  is  probably  the  most 
important  section  of  a  newspaper  library  and  one  to 
which  cannot  be  given  too  much  care  and  attention.  The 
material  must  not  only  be  kept  up  to  date  in  order  to 
be  of  real  value,  but  should  also  be  constantly  increased 
from  the  numerous  sources  which  are  available  to  a 
watchful  librarian.  As  with  the  general  reference  works, 
the  scope  of  the  biographical  section  will  be  best  com- 
prehended by  discussing  its  several  component  parts  each 
for  itself. 

(a)  Biographical  Dictionaries  and  Encyclopedias. — 
Of  such  there  is  a  vast  number  in  the  book  market  from 
which  it  will  be  sufficient  to  select  a  couple  of  the  most 
complete  general  works,  one  covering  all  nationalities  and 
ages,  and  the  other  persons  of  mark  in  American  history, 
political  and  social. 

(b)  Who's  Who  Series. — In  all  likelihood  no  books, 
possibly  with  the  exception  of  the  English  dictionaries, 
are  more  frequently  consulted  in  a  newspaper  library 
than  the  collections  of  short  personal  sketches  which 
commenced  to  be  published  some  years  ago  under  the 
title  Who's  Who.  At  present,  quite  a  number  of  these 
publications  are  being  issued  at  regular  intervals.  Thus 
there  are  an  International  Who's  Who,  a  biennial  Who's 
Who  in  America,  another  biennial  Who's  Who  in  New 
York  State,  and  an  annual  English  Y\'ho's  Who.  Cor- 
responding to  these  the  Germans  have  their  "Wer  Ist's,'r 
and  the  French  their  "Qui  EtesWous,"  both  of  which 
should  have  places  alongside  of  the  English  books  of  the 
same  class.  Still  another  foreign  biographical  work  which 
should  not  be  lacking  in  a  newspaper  library  is  the  Al- 
manach  de  Gotha,  and  to  this  might  even  be  added  no- 
bility calendars  of  the  European  countries.  Of  course, 
these  foreign  books  are  not  required  in  small  newspaper 
offices,  which  have  no  direct  cable  service,  but  those  that 
have  such  cannot  very  well  be  without  them.  Want  of 
equal  means  for  establishing  the  identity  of  persons  who 
arc  only  briefly  mentioned  in  cable  messages  is  many 
times  the  cause  of  regrettable  mistakes,  which  should 
never  be  permitted  to  occur  in  a  newspaper  of  quality. 
The  misspelling  of  foreign  names  may  once  in  a  while  be 
excused  on  some  pretext,  but  other  blunders  of  more 
serious  nature  are  apt  to  creep  into  the  foreign  news,  if 

10 


the  editor  in  charge  is  not  in  possession  of  adequate  re- 
sources for  verifying  his  interpretation  of  a  message.  A 
case  in  point  was  presented  recently  when  a  European 
gentleman  of  princely  rank  was  prominently  mentioned  in 
the  American  press.  Jn  three  big  daily  newspapers  he 
was,  owing  to  a  similarity  of  family  names,  referred  to 
as  so  many  separate  individuals,  and  in  one  paper  he 
was  one  day  himself,  next  day  a  second  cousin  of  his 
own  and  the  day  following  some  other  representative  of 
the  same  princely  house.  Intelligent  readers  will  not  be 
persuaded  to  blame  such  mistakes  on  that  much-maligned 
receptacle  of  editorial  and  public  odium,  the  printer's 
devil. 

(c)  Professional  Directories. — The  number  of  these 
is  limited,  but  all  that  are  procurable  should  be  acquired. 
It  will  be  admitted  that  ordinarily  they  do  not  furnish 
much  personal  information,  but  they  are  nevertheless 
very  useful  for  identification  purposes.  In  connection 
with  this  kind  of  directories  should  be  mentioned  the  pro- 
fessional "Who's  Who"  editions,  which  are  augmenting 
rapidly,  as  their  usefulness  becomes  more  apparent.  Here 
are  the  names  of  some,  which  have  been  published  in  one 
or  more  editions  during  recent  years:  'Who's  \\  ho  in 
Finance,"  "Who's  Who  in  Insurance."  "Who's  Who  on 
the  Stage,"  etc. 

(  d  )  Club  and  Society  Lists. — Membership  rolls  of 
local  organizations,  at  least  those  of  some  prominence, 
are  of  good  use,  in  the  same  way  as  professional  direc- 
tories, and  will  sometimes  prove  of  particular  value  in 
tracing  the  connections  of  some  certain  person. 

(e)  Memorial  Volumes. — On  occasions  of  centenni- 
als, or  other  anniversaries,  it  is  the  custom  of  state  or 
municipal  authorities  to  issue  memorial  volumes,  in  which 
are  frequently  inserted  good  personal  sketches,  accom- 
panied by  portraits,  of  leading  citizens.  If  these  sketches 
can  be  cut  out  of  the  volume  without  damage,  this  should 
be  done  and  the  material  filed  away  in  the  obituary  cabi- 
net, of  which  a  description  will  be  given  here  below. 
Otherwise,  the  volumes  may  be  left  intact  and  dummies 
for  every  sketch  filed  among  the  obituaries,  with  refer- 
ence to  the  shelf  location  of  the  book  wherein  the  sketches 
may  be  found.  Anniversary  publications  are  easily  ob- 
tained, because  they  serve  at  the  same  time  as  an  adver- 

11 


tising  medium  and  on  this  account  are   scattered  about 
broadcast. 

(  f  )  Obituary  Sketches. — Every  newspaper  office  has 
what  is  known  in  professional  jargon  as  a  "Morgue." 
The  sinister  appellation  is  derived  from  the  fact  that  this 
"Morgue"  is  a  repository  for  all  kinds  of  clippings  and 
other  material  intended  for  obituary  sketches.  It  would, 
however,  be  entirely  inconsistent  with  the  practical  and 
progressive  spirit  of  American  journalism  to  accumulate 
any  "dead  wood''  of  this  sort  simply  with  a  view  of  using 
it  as  coffin  material,  so  to  speak.  The  obituary  envel- 
opes are  of  much  greater  and  more  immediate  service 
than  that.  They  are  referred  to  constantly  for  personal 
data,  and  many  times  they  are  invaluable  at  a  hurry 
call  for  a  write-up  of  some  more  obscure  or  un- 
pretentious individual,  who  may  have  been  brought  into 
the  limelight  all  of  a  sudden.  He  may  not  have  been  of 
enough  conspicuity  in  civic  life  before  to  warrant  his 
immortalization  in  any  biographical  reference  work,  but 
scraps  of  information  about  him  may,  on  the  other  hand, 
have  appeared  in  print  from  time  to  time  and  found  their 
way  to  a  niche  in  the  newspaper  "Morgue."  The  gath- 
ering of  material  for  the  latter  will  here  be  explained. 
Jt  proceeds  mainly  from  two  sources: 

i.  Clipping  of  personal  items  and  sketches  which  ap- 
pear in  daily  and  other  newspapers  and  periodicals. 

2.  Securing  the  publications  of  various  concerns 
which  supply  biographical  sketches  and  portraits  to  news- 
papers, for  instance,  the  United  Press  Syndicate,  the  Co- 
operative Press  and  the  National  Press  Bureau,  all  lo- 
cated in  Xew  York  City. 

These  clippings  and  sketches  are  dated  and  riled  away 
in  stout  envelopes  (4x9  inches  is  a  convenient  size) 
and  arranged  alphabetically  in  a  cabinet  with  drawers 
large  enough  to  admit  insertion  of  the  envelopes  in  an 
upright  position,  so  that  the  names  written  across  their 
tops  may  be  easily  distinguished  by  running  the  fingers 
over  a  number  of  them.  On  the  outside  the  cabinet 
drawers  are  labeled  to  show  their  contents,  and  if  there 
be  a  great  bulk  of  material,  guide  cards  should  be  put 
in  among  the  envelopes  at  expedient  intervals. 

Additional  clippings  are  placed  every  day  in  many  of 
these  envelopes,  and  new  ones  are  tiled  whenever  a  sketch 

12 


or  personal   notice   is   received   concerning   some   person 
who  has  not  been  the  subject  of  a  write-up  before. 

In  order  not  to  encumber  the  obituary  cabinet  with 
superfluous  material,  the  death  notice?  in  the  daily  papers 
arc  clipped  every  day  and  arranged  in  alphabetical  order 
at  the  end  of  the  week.  A  search  is  then  made  of  the 
cabinet,  to  ascertain  whether  any  of  those  departed  had 
a  biographical  envelope  on  file,  and  where  this  is  found 
to  be  the  case,  such  envelope  is  then  withdrawn  and  de- 
stroyed. 

3.  Public  Documents. — Through  the  liberality  of  fed- 
eral, state,  municipal  and  other  public  administration.-, 
official  documents  and  reports  can  be  had  for  the  asking 
in  many  instances.  In  others,  a  nominal  price  is  charged. 
Newspaper  librarians  should  undoubtedly  take  advantage 
of  the  opportunities  of  getting  documents,  yet  they  must 
exercise  a  good  deal  of  discretion  in  deciding  which  of 
these  should  be  kept  permanently.  Some  are  only  of 
transient  importance  and  may  never  be  needed  again  for 
reference.  Others,  like  monthly  statements  and  sum- 
maries, may  be  held  until  supplanted  by  a  quarterly,  semi- 
annual or  annual  report.  And  again,  many  of  the  annual 
reports  can  be  disposed  of  after  receipt  of  the  next  suc- 
ceeding ones. 

Where  the  space  will  permit,  it  might  be  a  good  plan 
to  maintain  complete  files  of  certain  reports  and  other 
documents  for  a  succession  of  years,  although  they  are 
rather  bulky  and  of  comparatively  small  reference  value. 
Besides,  the  public  libraries  usually  have  such  files  avail- 
able for  consultation,  and  it  seems  a  better  policy  to  rely 
on  this  resource  in  an  emergency  than  to  pile  up  an 
onerous  document  collection  in  a  newspaper  office. 

It  is  difficult  to  give  definite  suggestions  about  what 
documents  to  preserve  and  which  to  discard.  As  already 
intimated,  the  newspaper  librarian  must  follow  his  own 
judgment  in  the  matter  and  be  guided  by  consideration 
of  the  requirements  of  his  own  publication,  as  he  knows 
them  through  previous  experience,  or  as  stated,  at  his 
request,  by  the  chiefs  of  the  various  divisions  in  the  edi- 
torial department. 

There  are,  naturally,  instances  when  the  particular 
character  of  an  official  document  makes  it  a  desirable 
addition  to  the  newspaper  library,  for  instance,  transac- 

13 


tions  and  records  of  special  boards  of  arbitration,  in- 
quiry, investigation,  etc.,  such  as  the  reports  of  the  Fed- 
eral Anthracite  Strike  Commission  of  1902,  the  Lorimer 
United  States  Senate  Inquiry,  the  Allds  Investigation  in 
New  York,  etc. 

Among  the  public  documents  may  be  counted  the  Con- 
gressional Directory  and  the  Legislative  Manuals  of  the 
different  states.  These  are  at  the  same  time  general 
reference  and  biographical  works  of  great  importance, 
and  as  complete  files  of  them  as  possible  ought  to  be 
kept.  Another  publication  by  the  federal  government 
which  should  not  be  lacking  in  the  library  is  the  United 
States  Statistical  Abstract. 

4.  Portraits  and  Pictures. — On  many  newspapers  this 
section  forms  part  of  the  art  department,  but  in  offices 
where  only  a  small  amount  of  illustrative  work  is  being 
done,  it  is  generally  affiliated  with  the  library.  In  either 
case,  the  librarian  gathers  material  for  the  two  "gal- 
leries" from  the  same  sources  to  which  he  has  recourse 
in  keeping  the  obituary  cabinet  supplied.  It  is  also  con- 
sidered a  commendable  practice  for  him  in  his  daily 
routine  to  note  down  names  of  persons  who  may  be  men- 
tioned casually  in  a  news  item,  but  are  likely  to  come 
into  greater  prominence  later.  A  list  of  these  names  is 
made  up  weekly  and  submitted  to  the  chief  of  the  art 
department,  or  some  one  else  in  authority,  in  order  that 
photographs  of  the  persons  concerned  may  be  ordered 
and  held  in  readiness  for  future  use. 

Portraits  are  kept  on  file  in  large  envelopes,  alpha- 
betically arranged  on  shelves.  In  case  of  group  portraits 
with  names  attached,  dummy  envelopes,  or  entries,  are 
employed  in  the  same  manner  as  described  above  with 
regard  to  memorial  volumes,  giving  reference  to  the  en- 
velope in  which  the  portrait  has  been  placed.  Other  group 
portraits,  without  individual  names,  as  for  example,  of 
societies,  clubs  and  the  like,  are  filed  under  the  names 
of  the  respective  organizations. 

Pictures  of  places  are  similarly  preserved.  There  is 
no  need  of  any  elaborate  arrangement  in  geographical 
divisions  and  subdivisions.  It  would  be  impractical,  for 
instance,  to  put  a  place  like  "Dresden"  under  "Saxony." 
and  then  have  "Saxony"  as  a  subdivision  under  "Ger- 
many."  This  would  involve  the  looking  up  of  three  loca- 

14 


tions  in  the  files  instead  of  one,  whereas  by  making  "Dres- 
den (Saxony,  Germany)"  an  independent  entry  in  a  gen- 
eral alphabetical  system  the  search  would  be  much  simpler 
and  less  time-consuming. 

All  portraits  and  pictures  must  be  dated  before  being 
filed   away. 

It  happens  sometimes  that  a  portrait,  or  a  picture, 
which  is  wanted  for  immediate  use,  can  only  be  found 
in  some  copyrighted  book  and,  consequently,  cannot  be 
used  without  due  permission.  To  avoid  embarrassment 
on  this  account  the  librarian,  or,  in  a  big  newspaper  office, 
the  chief  of  the  art  department,  should  try  to  procure  a 
general  release  of  copyright  from  publishers  of  such  ref- 
erence works  as  are  most  likely  to  be  resorted  to  for  illus- 
trations. This  policy  does  away  with  the  necessity  of 
applying  for  releases  in  every  particular  instance,  when 
reproduction  of  a  copyrighted  picture  is  desired. 

Material  in  the  portrait  and  picture  section  is  bound 
to  accumulate  steadily,  and  no  weeding-out  process  can 
be  applied  to  any  great  extent.  The  acquisition  of  a 
photograph,  or  illustration,  of  more  recent  date  does  not 
warrant  the  discarding  of  an  older  one  of  the  same  per- 
son or  subject,  for  it  might  happen  that  a  picture  of  a 
certain  date  or  period  may  be  wanted  instead  of  the  late>t 
one  available.  It  is,  on  this  account,  safer  to  provide 
ample  space  for  increasing  portrait  and  picture  collec- 
tions rather  than  attempt  some  regular  weeding  method 
which  might  seriously  impair  their  value. 

To  the  four  principal  divisions  of  the  reference  de- 
partment which  have  already  been  considered  may  be 
added  one  of  "Special  Topics."  It  consists  of  newspaper 
and  magazine  clippings  on  live  issues  of  the  day.  The 
material  is  filed  under  proper  subjects  in  large  envelopes, 
which  are  kept  in  alphabetical  order  in  a  separate  case 
or  cabinet.  Mention  of  a  few  subjects  of  the  kind  in- 
cluded in  this  miniature  encyclopedia  of  modern  events 
will  probably  indicate  its  purpose  more  clearly :  Aviation 
(latest  records,  accident  lists,  inventions)  ;  Panama  Canal 
(latest  accounts  of  progress  of  work,  articles  on  fortifica- 
tion question,  international  aspect,  etc.)  ;  Disasters  (ma- 
rine and  railroad,  reviews  and  lists)  ;  Woman  Suffrage 
(articles  on  extension  of  movement),  etc.,  etc. 

Of  course,  these  "Special  Topics"  envelopes  are  by 
no  means  an  essential  accessory  to  a  newspaper  library. 


Their  great  practical  usefulness  is  unquestionable,  never- 
theless, and  advocates  strongly  in  their  favor.  They  pro- 
vide a  kind  of  short-cut  to  the  sort  of  information  which 
is  in  constant  demand  and  may  be  called  for  at  almost 
any  time.  Furthermore,  the  judicious  clipping  of  articles 
on  current  topics  of  interest  makes  unnecessary  the  keep- 
ing of  magazine  hies  containing,  perhaps,  90  per  cent,  of 
irrelevant  matter  to  every  ten  which  may  prove  of  actual 
reference  value  in  a  newspaper  office. 

In  small  concerns,  where  economical  or  other  condi- 
tions do  not  justify  the  establishment  of  a  library  on  any 
great  scale,  a  carefully  managed  special  topics  section 
will  obviate  the  purchase  of  many  an  expensive  refer- 
ence work,  and  can  itself  be  maintained  practically  at 
no  cost  whatsoever,  since  the  material  may  be  collected 
in  its  entirety  from  exchanges  in  the  magazine  or  news- 
paper field. 

IV. 

SPECIAL  WORKS. 

While  a  well  selected  supply  of  general  reference 
works  will  meet  the  average  demands  on  a  newspaper 
library,  sections  of  a  more  specific  kind  might  also  be 
established,  as  circumstances  may  permit,  or  even  crave. 
No  systematic  classification  of  such  subject  groups  will 
be  attempted  here,  but  only  an  outline  given,  to  show 
what  kind  of  books  would  come  within  this  category. 
Very  few  of  them  need  be  bought,  as  they  are  sent  in 
by  publishers  for  review.  An  agreement  with  the  liter- 
ary editor  may  therefore  give  the  librarian  opportunities 
to  secure  gradually  a  handsome  collection  of  books  sup- 
plementary to  the  reference  works  he  already  has  in  the 
library. 

First  of  all,  books  dealing  with  general,  or  only  Ameri- 
can history,  should  be  received  in  the  library,  especially 
if  they  are  illustrated  and  have  good  indices. 

Geographical  and  descriptive  works  of  countries, 
cities,  etc.,  are  also  of  value  for  occasional  reference. 
Baedeker's  and  Murray's  handbooks  are  real  treasures 
among  this  class  of  books,  and  there  are  many  others 
which  can  be  easily  acquired  and  will  be  of  almost  equally 
good  service.  The  historical  and  geographical  works, 
including  illustrated  place  descriptions,  are  best  shelved 

16 


under  country  divisions,  or,  as  to  the  United  States  ma- 
terial, under  states  and  territories. 

Biographies  of  individuals  published  after  their  death 
are  of  little  use,  unless  the  persons  concerned  attained 
great  distinction,  in  some  way,  during  their  careers,  or 
if  their  life  work  is  apt  to  attract  future  attention. 

In  regard  to  general  literature,  the  newspaper  librari- 
an has  an  opportunity  of  collecting  practically  as  much 
as  he  may  care  to  have.  But,  except  he  has  special  facili- 
ties for  housing  a  great  number  of  such  books,  it  will  be 
a  prudent  policy  on  his  part  to  content  himself  with 
standard  editions  of  the  Greek  and  Roman  classics,  Eng- 
lish and  American  authors  of  note,  translations  of  works 
of  well-known  foreign  writers,  collections  of  speeches, 
poetry,  fables,  fairy  tales,  and,  in  short,  such  material  as 
is  likely  to  be  of  use  occasionally. 

Some  good  books  on  the  fine  arts  and  their  history 
should  not  be  lacking,  and  the  more  profusely  they  are 
illustrated,  the  more  welcome  they  will  be  to  the  art 
critic  and  other  writers  of  articles  on  subjects  of  this 
kind. 

General  books  on  sports  and  athletics  and  special 
works  on  particular  branches  thereof,  as  baseball,  foot- 
ball, golf,  hockey,  hunting,  polo,  rowing,  swimming,  ten- 
nis, yachting,  etc.,  are  acceptable,  and  with  these,  as  with 
most  of  the  books  in  the  supplementary  sections  here 
suggested,  the  consideration  of  greatest  moment  is,  that 
they  contain  useful  illustrations,  which  are  not  copy- 
righted, or  for  which  a  copyright  release  may  be  easily 
obtained. 

Scientific  books  of  various  kinds,  works  on  philosophy, 
religion,  law,  medicine  and  hygiene,  sociology,  finance, 
government,  and  kindred  topics,  are  seldom  referred  to, 
because  sufficient  information  coming  within  their  scope 
can  usually  be  gathered  more  expeditiously  from  some 
encyclopedia.  Still,  as  has  been  pointed  out  already,  if 
space  conditions  are  favorable,  there  cannot  possibly  be 
any  objections  to  harboring  a  selection  of  such  literature 
in  a  newspaper  library. 


17 


V. 

CATALOGUING. 

Just  as  a  newspaper  library,  on  account  of  its  own 
special  requirements,  differs  in  many  respects  from  other 
reference  libraries,  so  its  cataloguing  rules  necessarily 
are  somewhat  unlike  theirs  and  have  an  individuality  of 
their  own. 

Cataloguing  in  accordance  with  any  of  the  systems 
in  vogue  in  the  public  libraries  would  hardly  be  suitable 
to  journalistic  ends.  The  simplest  method  is  to  catalogue 
the  contents  of  a  newspaper  library  merely  under  subject 
headings,  without  any  subdivisions  of  the  latter  and  also 
without  any  cross  references  under  authors'  names,  ex- 
cept possibly  in  regard  to  such,  whose  prominence  makes 
it  desirable  to  have  all  their  works  listed  under  their  own 
names. 

Otherwise,  subject  entries  are  sufficient,  and  even  the 
headings  of  these  do  not  always  conform  in  their  style 
with  scientific  library  rules  on  this  point.  The  accepted 
technical  designation  of  a  subject  is  often  sacrificed 
for  some  popular  form  which  is  more  apt  to  suggest 
itself  to  a  journalist  when  making  a  library  research.  It 
is,  as  has  been  asserted  before,  the  librarian's  principal 
duty  to  facilitate  in  every  possible  way  the  gathering  of 
information  from  sources  in  his  keeping  and  to  devise 
any  feasible  means  for  minimizing  the  time  consump- 
tion at  this  task.  Hence  he  is  compelled  to  do  violence 
to  many  circumstantial  library  rules  and  substitute  for 
them  some  common  sense  system  which  serves  the  same 
purpose  and  appeals  more  to  the  journalistic  searcher, 
who  is  interested  in  getting  quick  results  rather  than  in 
familiarizing  himself  with  the  fine  points  in  library 
science. 

In  making  catalogue  entries,  of  which  a  sample  will 
be  found  toward  the  end  of  this  book,  all  immaterial 
details  are  omitted.  After  the  subject,  name  of  author 
and  title  of  work  are  given.  Tf  the  book  has  any  por- 
traits, diagrams,  maps,  colored  plates  or  other  illustra- 
tions, these  facts  are  annotated,  in  abbreviation,  and 
finally  the  place  and  year  of  publication  are  mentioned. 
Ordinarily,  name  of  publisher  may  be  left  out. 

Undoubtedly,  a  card  system  is  most  convenient  for  a 

18 


newspaper  "library  catalogue.  A  small  cabinet  containing 
the  cards  should  be  located  in  a  conspicuous  place  near 
the  inquiry  desk. 

After  a  book  has  been  catalogued,  a  bookplate  label 
sliould  be  placed  on  the  inside  of  the  cover,  or  an  im- 
print of  the  office  stamp  made  on  the  title-page.  On  the 
llv-leaf  will  be  inscribed  the  date  of  accession  and  the 
classification  mark,  denoting  the  shelf  location  of  the 
book. 

VI. 

THE  INDEXING  DEPARTMENT. 

Only  a  limited  number  of  newspapers  go  to  the  tr<  >uble 
and  expense  of  keeping  a  detailed  record  of  their  new- 
contents.  In  some  offices  the  principal  articles  and  items 
in  the  paper  are  clipped  daily,  dated  and  put  away  in 
envelopes  or  boxes,  which  are  labeled  to  show  what  kind 
of  material  they  contain.  This  method  makes  reference 
to  previously  published  matter  direct  and  convenient  up 
to  a  certain  stage,  when  the  contents  of  envelopes  or  boxes 
becomes  too  bulky  to  handle  without  considerable  loss  of 
time.  Then  some  scheme  of  subdivision  or  grouping 
must  be  devised,  and  in  time  this  must  again  be  under- 
taken as  often  as  the  rapidly  increasing  material  on  rec- 
ord makes  it  necessary.  Finally  the  mass  of  clippings 
will  be  altogether  too  unwieldy,  and  some  of  them  may 
have  become  so  frayed  and  worn  by  frequent  handling 
that  their  usefulness  is  at  an  end. 

These  latter  objectionable  features  are  not  attached 
to  the  indexing  method  of  keeping  a  record.  A  system 
which  has  gained  wide  popularity  in  the  general  business 
world  is  the  card  index,  and  it  has  also  been  introduced 
in  the  offices  of  a  few  large  daily  newspapers.  Its  appli- 
cation is  in  no  wise  intricate,  and  its  permanent  value 
cannot  be  contested.  The  indexing  of  a  daily  newspaper 
will  be  described  here  in  the  form  of  rules  wdiich  may, 
with  certain  modifications  according  to  circumstances, 
serve  the  purpose  also  in  smaller  concerns. 

Every  day  the  librarian  receives  a  full  set  of  the  paper, 
meaning' all  the  editions  issued,  including  "make-overs." 
He  has  then  the  alternative  of  two  ways  of  procedure. 
In  the  one  event  he  can  personally  go  over  the  paper, 
column  after  column,  page   after  page,   and  underscore 

19 


in  the  text  of  every  item,  or  write  across  it,  the  heading 
or  headings  under  which  it  should  be  indexed.  After- 
wards he  distributes  the  pages  for  indexing  among  his 
assistants,  taking  part  of  the  paper  for  himself,  too,  if 
need  be. 

This  indication  of  subject  matters  can  be  dispensed 
with,  if  the  librarian  has  able  indexers  as  assistants. 
In  such  case,  he  just  gives  out  the  pages  to  them,  relying 
on  their  good  judgment  to  make  the  index  entries  under 
proper  headings.  A  set  of  general  indexing  rules  is 
helpful  to  insure  regularity  and  uniformity  on  this  score, 
and  it  is,  furthermore,  a  good  policy  for  the  librarian  to 
hand  certain  sections  of  the  paper  to  the  same  man 
every  day.  In  that  way  additional  assurance  is  furnished 
that  a  news  item  to  which  publicity  is  given  during  sev- 
eral succeeding  days  will,  in  every  instance,  be  indexed 
under  the  same  subject  headings. 

When  all  the  pages  of  the  first  edition  of  an  issue 
have  been  indexed,  the  items  are  checked  oft"  in  the 
subsequent  editions,  and  if  an  indexer  should  find  new 
articles  in  any  of  these,  they  must  be  recorded  and  the 
respective  editions  in  which  they  occur  marked  down 
on  the  card.  Before  recording  these  new  articles,  the 
indexer  ought  to  ask  his  co-workers  whether  they  have 
possibly  had  the  same  on  their  pages,  in  which  case 
they  need  not  be  indexed  again. 

For  indexing,  small  cards,  3x5  inches,  are  most 
handy.  After  the  indexer  has  read  through  an  item 
thoroughly,  he  indicates  its  contents  on  one  or  more  of 
these  cards,  depending  on  the  number  of  headings  he 
wishes  to  give  it.  The  style  of  the  entry  should  be 
concise,  but  great  care  must  be  taken  that  no  essential 
phase  of  the  item  is  omitted.  If  portraits,  diagrams, 
maps  or  other  illustrations  accompany  articles,  such  facts 
must  be  denoted  in  the  entries.  After  the  entry  follows 
reference  to  date  and  location  of  article,  for  instance, 
i<ji2,  Aug.  1,  p.  3,  col.  6.  For  convenience  sake  the  ab- 
breviation may  be  reduced  still  further  by  dropping  the 
year  and  only  placing  a  comma  or  period  between  the 
date,  page  and  column  figures,  thus:  Aug.   1.  3.  6. 

When  the  indexing  has  been  entirely  finished,  all  the 
cards  are  collected  and  set  up  in  a  suitable  tray,  in  strict 
alphabetical  sequence.  The  tray  is  then  handed  to  a 
typist,  who  transcribes  the  entries  to  the  permanent  in- 

20 


dex  records,  which  consist  of  cards  of  a  convenient 
size  (5x8  inches)  and  are  kept  in  a  cabinet,  where 
they  are  always  available  for  consultation. 

As  an  average  number  of  index  entries  for  a  page, 
fifty  is  a  fair  estimate,  which  would  imply  the  writing 
of  about  400  to  500  cards  for  a  daily  issue  of  ordinary 
size.  Sunday  editions  of  greater  volume  require  ob- 
viously a  larger  number  of  cards,  say  1,000  to  1,200, 
and  if  the  paging  is  not  consecutive  all  through,  but 
the  issue  divided  into  sections,  indexers  must  not  forget 
to  indicate  on  the  cards  the  parts  of  the  paper  where 
the  respective  items  belong. 

Whenever  the  drawers  in  the  record  cabinet  show 
evidence  of  becoming  clogged  with  cards,  the  index 
should  be  closed  out  and  printed  in  book  form.  It  is  a 
good  idea  to  have  a  cabinet  spacious  enough  to  hold 
cards  for  a  period  of  at  least  two  years.  This  will  be 
duly  appreciated  at  any  future  research,  when  no  ap- 
proximate date  for  an  item,  which  is  to  be  looked  up, 
can  be  stated  and  the  whole  index  has  to  be  searched 
through  from  the  beginning.  Supposing  that  a  news- 
paper has  an  index  dating  back  about  ten  or  fifteen 
years  and  accumulated  in  printed  form  every  three  or 
six  months,  the  librarian  or  inquiry  clerk  would  have 
pretty  lively  work  in  attending  to  inquiries  of  the  above 
kind,  not  to  speak  of  the  obnoxious  waste  of  time  to 
all  parties  concerned. 

In  indexing  a  newspaper  it  would  be  utterly  pur- 
poseless trying  to  adhere  strictly  to  any  scientific  classi- 
fication of  subjects,  because  this  would  mean  nothing 
less  than  that  the  librarian  would  have  to  give  all  the 
members  of  the  editorial  staff  private  courses  in  the  art 
of  indexing  according  to  recognized  library  rules.  Other- 
wise they  would  not  know  how  to  make  proper  use  of 
the  index.  Such  an  imposition  would  hardly  be  toler- 
ated in  any  newspaper  office. 

Ordinary  common  sense  is  a  much  more  satisfactory 
basis  for  newspaper  indexing.  Find  out,  by  reading 
over  an  item  carefully,  which  of  its  features  are  most 
likely  to  impress  themselves  on  the  mind  of  the  reader, 
and  index  under  the  subjects  embracing  them,  even  if 
the  latter  should  seem  unscientific,  or  irregular.  By 
following  this  general  rule,  references  may  be  traced 
without  much  difficulty  when  wanted. 

21 


Another  general  rule,  equally  simple  and  also  equally 
conducive  to  good  results,  refers  to  the  differentiation 
between  personality  and  subject  in  a  short  news  notice. 
Where  the  former  overshadows  the  latter,  index  under 
the  name  of  the  person.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  the 
individual  is  little  known,  or  his  name  not  likely  to  be 
easily  remembered,  make  entry  under  the  subject.  The 
following  examples  will  make  this  point  more  easily 
understood : 

"BRYAN,  William  J. 
Narrow  escape  in  automobile  accident." 

"ACCIDENTS    (Automobile)— J— 

Jones,  W.  If.,  has  narrow  escape." 

Liberal  cross  indexing  is  recommended,  in  order  to 
lessen  as  much  as  possible  the  chances  of  failure  in  the 
search  for  an  indexed  news  item.  Particular  care  should 
be  taken  in  indexing  all  available  pertinent  news  data 
under  headings  like  Disasters,  Donations,  Inventions, 
Records,  etc.,  so  as  to  facilitate  in  every  possible  way 
the  collecting  of  material  for  "boxes"  and  reviews. 

If  contemporaries  of  same  locality  are  kept  on  file 
in  a  newspaper  library,  their  principal  exclusive  items 
(  "beats")  ought  to  be  entered  in  the  index. 

As  regards  files,  a  newspaper  library  should  have 
one  set  of  working  files,  dating  back  no  less  than  a  year, 
for  routine  use,  and  another  set  of  bound  files  for  per- 
manent record.  Both  of  them  should  contain  all  the 
editions  of  every  issue.  The  files,  including  those  of 
contemporaries,  must  be  kept  in  places  where  they  are 
easily  accessible   for   reference. 

Samples  of  indexing  and  record  cards  will  be  found 
further  on  in  this  book.  A  list  of  indexing-  subjects 
covering  practically  every  field  of  news  is  given  here 
below  for  the  eventual  benefit  of  newspaper  librarians, 
who  may  contemplate  the  establishment  of  an  indexing 
department.  In  some  of  the  subjects  it  is  advisable  to 
let  all  the  entries  follow  in  chronology,  while  in  others, 
especially  if  they  are  liable  to  have  a  mass  of  entries, 
alphabetization  should  precede  the  chronological  ar- 
rangement under  separate  letters. 


22 


INDEXING  SUBJECTS. 


Abandonment 

Antiquities 

Abduction 

Apartment 

Academy 

Aphasia 

Accidents   (Aeronautic) 

Appendicitis 

Accidents   (Automobile) 

Apple 

Accidents   (Railroad) 

April  Fool 

Accidents   (Miscellaneous) 

Aquatic 

Acrobats 

Arbitration 

Actors  and  Actresses 

Archery 

Advertising 

Architecture 

Aeronautics    (Aeroplane,    Gen- 

Arctic 

eral) 

Armory 

Aeronautics   (Airship) 

Army  (of  Foreign  Count! 

ies 

Aeronautics   (Balloon) 

Army   (U.  S.) 

Aeronautics   (Biplane) 

Arrest 

Aeronautics    (Flying  Machine) 

Arson 

Aeronautics  (Hydro-aeroplane  ) 

Art 

Aeronautics    (Monoplane) 

Art  Galleries 

Aeronautics    (Miscellaneous) 

Artillery 

Agriculture 

Artists 

Alimony 

Ashes 

Amateur  Theatricals 

Assassination 

Ambulance 

Assault 

Americans 

Association 

America's  Cup 

Astromony 

Angling 

Asylum 

Animals 

Athletics 

Anniversary 

Automobile 

Annulment 

Avalanche 

Antarctic 

B 

Babies 

Baseball 

Bachelors 

Basketball 

Baggage 

Bath  and  Bathing 

Bail 

Battle 

Bakers  and  Bakery 

Bazaar 

Ball 

Beauty 

Ballet 

Beef  ' 

Ballot 

Beer 

Band 

Beggars 

Bandits 

Bells 

Bank 

Berries 

Bankers 

Betting 

Bankruptcy 

Bible 

Banner 

Bicycle 

Baptism 

Bigamy 

Baptists 

Billiards 

Bar 

Birds 

Barbers 

Birth 

23 


Black  Hand 

Blasting 

Blind 

Blizzard 

Blood 

Boarding 

Boat 

Bomb 

Bonds 

Bookmakers 

Books 

Bootblacks 

Bottle 

Bowling 

Boxing 

Boys 


Breach  of  Promise 

Bread 

Brewers  and  Brewery 

Bribery 

Bride 

Bridge 

Bucketshops 

Buildings 

Bull    Fight 

Bungalows 

Burial 

Burned 

Business 

Butchers 

Butter 


Cab 

Cable 

Cafe 

Camp  and  Camping 

Canal 

Cancer 

Candy 

Cannibals 

Cannon 

Capital    Punishment 

Capsized 

Cardinals 

Cards 

Cars 

Cartoon 

Cathedral 

Catholic 

Cats 

Cattle 

Cavalry 

Cave 

Cement 

Cemetery 

Census 

Centenarians 

Charitable  Institutions 

Charity 

Checkers 

Cheese 

Chemistry 

Children 

Cholera 

Christians 

Christian    Science 

Christmas 

Churches 


Cigarettes 

Cigars 

Circus 

Cities 

Citizens 

Civil   Service 

Claims 

Clams 

Clocks 

Clothing 

Clubs    (Athletic) 

Clubs    (Automobile) 

Clubs    (Political) 

Clubs   (Women's) 

Clubs    (Yacht) 

Clubs   (Miscellaneous) 

Coaching 

Coal 

Coffee 

Coin 

Cold  Storage 

Colleges 

Collision 

Colonial 

Commencement 

Commerce 

Committee 

Commuters 

Company 

Concealed  Weapons 

Concert 

Conductor 

Conference 

Congress    ( Not  U.   S.) 

Constitution 

Consumption 


24 


Convent 

Convention 

Cooking 

Copper 

Corn 

Coroner 

Corporation 

Cotton 

Counterfeiting 

Court 

Court    Martial 

Cow 


Cricket 

Crime   and   Criminals 

Cross 

Cross   Country 

Cruelty  to  Animals 

Cruelty  to  Children 

Curfew 

Curios 

Curling 

Currency 

(  ustoms  (service) 

Cyclone 


D 


Dairy 

Disasters 

Dam 

Disease 

Dance  and 

Dancing 

Disorderly  Conduct 

Dead  Body 

Disorderly   House 

Death 

Distillers   and   Distilling 

Debt 

Diving 

Debutantes 

Divorce 

Decision 

Docks 

Decoration 

Dogs 

Deed 

Drama 

Deer 

Dream 

Defalcation 

Dress 

Democratic 

Dressmakers 

Dentist  and 

Dentistry 

Drinks 

Deportation 

Driving 

Deserters 

Drowned 

Devil 

Drug  and  Druggist 

Diamonds 

Drunkenness 

Dinner 

Drv  Dock 

Diphtheria 

Duel 

Diplomatic 

Dynamite 

E 


Eagle 

Earth 

Earthquake 

Easter 

Eating 

Economy 

Editorials 

Education 

Eggs_ 

Election 

Electricity 

Elevator 

Elopement 

Embalming 

Embezzlement 


Engagement 

Engine 

Engineers 

Escape 

Eskimo 

Esperanto 

Estate 

Etiquette 

Eviction 

Exchanges 

Excise 

Excursion 

Executive 

Exhibition 

Expedition 


•2:. 


Exploration 

Express 

Explosion 

Extortion 

Explosives 

Extradition 

Export 

Eye 

Exposition 

F 

Face 

Fireworks 

Failure 

Fish  and  Fishing 

Fairs 

Flag 

Faith 

Flood 

Falls 

Flower 

Family 

Food 

Farm  and  Farmers 

Foot 

Fashions 

Football 

Fat   People 

Foot  Race 

Ferry 

Forest   and   Forestry 

Feud 

Forgery 

Fight    (Prize) 

Fort   and    Fortification 

Fight   (Miscellaneous) 

Fountain 

Filibuster 

Fourth  of   Inly 

Financial 

Fraternities 

Fine  Arts 

Fraud 

Fingers 

Freak 

Fire 

Freight 

lire   Alarm 

Frost 

Fire  Department 

Fruit 

Fire  Engine 

Funeral 

Fire  Escape 

Furniture 

Firemen 

Furs 

— 

G 

Gambling 

Gold 

Game 

Golden   Wedding 

Games 

Golf 

Garbage 

Grade    Crossings 

Garden  and   Gardening 

Graft 

Gas 

Grand  Army 

Gasolene 

Grand  Jury 

Gate 

Grange 

Gems 

Grave 

Ghost 

Grocers 

Gift 

Gun 

Girls 

( iymnastics 

Glass 

Gypsy 

God 

H 

Hair 

Hat 

Hall 

Hazing 

Hand  Organ 

Head 

Harbor 

Health 

Hardware 

Heat 

26 


Hebrew 

Heir 

Hermit 

Hide 

Hindoo 

I  lockfcy 

Holiday 

Home 

Homicide 

Horse 


Hospital 

Hotel 

House 

Household 

Hunting 

Hurricane 

Hydrophobia 

Hymn 

Hypnotism 


Ice 

Iceberg- 
Immigrants  and  Immigration 
Import 
Inauguration 
Income 
Incubator 
Independence 
Indians 
Industrial 
Influenza 
Inheritance 
Injunction 
Ink 


Janitors 
Jewelry 

Tews   (See  Hebrews) 
Jockey 


Key 

Kidnapping 


Insane 

Insects 

Insomnia 

Insurance   (Fire) 

Insurance    (Life) 

Insurance   (Miscellaneous) 

Internal  Revenue 

Invalids 

Invention 

Investigation 

Iron 

Irrigation 

Island 


J 


Journalism 

Judiciary 

Jury 


K 


Kissing 
Kite 


Labor 

Labor  Union 

Lace 

lacrosse 

Lading 

Lake 

Land 

Language 

Laughter 

Law 

Lawsuit 

Lawyers 

Lead 

League 


Lease 

Lecture 

Legislature 

Lent 

Leprosy 

Letter 

Letter   Box 

]  etter  Carriers 

Libel 

Library 

Life 

Life  Saving 

Light 

Lighthouse 


27 


Lightning- 
Lion 
Liquor 
Literature 
Living 
Loan    • 


Lost  and 

Lottery 

Lumber 

Lunacy 

Lynching 


Found 


M 


Magazine 

Magistrates 

Mail 

Man 

Manuscript 

Map 

Market 

Marriages 

Mashers 

Masonic 

Masquerade 

Matches 

Matrimony 

Mayor 

Meat 

Medal 

Medical 

Medicine 

Memorial 

Memorial  Day 

Memory 

Menagerie 

Mercantile 

Merchants 

Metal 

Meteor 

Methodists 

Midget 

Milk 

Millionaires 


Mines  and  Mining 

Ministers 

Minstrels 

Miracle 

Misers 

Missing 

Mission  and  Missionaries 

Model 

Money 

Monkey 

Monroe  Doctrine 

Monument 

Moon 

Moonshining 

Mormons 

Mosquitoes 

Motor   Boat 

Motor  Cycle 

Mountain 

Moving 

Moving   Pictures 

Moving  Platforms 

Mule 

Murder   (See  Homicide) 

Museum 

Mushrooms 

Music  and  Musicians 

Musical  Instrument 

Mutiny 


N 


Name 

National  Guard 

Naturalization 

Natural  Resources 

Nature 

Naval   Militia 

Naw   (of  Foreign  Countries) 

Navy   (U.  S.) 

Navy   Yard 

Negro 

Nerves 

Newsboys 


Newsdealers 
Newspapers 
New  Year's 
Night 

Night  Riders 
Noise 

North  Pole 
Nuisance 
Numismatic 
Nuns 

'Nurse  and  Nursing 
Nursery 


28 


0 


Oath 
Obituary 

Observatory 

Ocean 

Office 

Oil 

Old   Maids 

Old  People 

I  flympic  Games 

Opera 

Opium 


Optimism 

Orchestra 

Order    (Decoration) 

Ordinance 

Ordination 

Orphan 

Osteopathy 

Outcast 

Outing 

Outrage 

Oyster 


Pageant 

Paint 

Palmistry 

Panic 

Paper 

Parade 

Pardon 

Parents 

Parks 

Passengers 

Patents 

Pavement 

Pawnbrokers 

Peace 

Pearls 

Pears 

Pedestrians 

Pedlers 

Pension 

Periodicals 

Photography 

Physical  Culture 

Physicians 

Piano 

Pickpockets 

Picnic 

Pictures 

Pig 

Pigeon 

Pilgrims 

Pilots 

Pin 

Pirates 

Plague 

Plant 

Playgrounds 

Pneumonia 

Poaching 


Poetry 
Poison 
Police 

Police    Station 
Policy 
Political 
Polo 

Pool    (Billiards) 
Poolselling 
Poorhouse 
Poor  People 
Pope 
Porcelain 
Port 

Portraits 
Postage 
Postal 

Postal  Savings  Bank 
Posters 
Post  Office 
Potato 
Pottery 
Poultry 
Poverty 
Powder 
Practical   Joke 
Precious   Stones 
Presbyterians 
Presentation 
President 
Price 
Priests 
Primaries 
Printing- 
Prison 
Professions 
Prohibition 
Promoters 

29 


Prophecy 
Prosperity 
Protestants 
Protestant  Episcopal 
Psychology 


Quarantine 
Quarrel 


Race  Course 

Race  Suicide 

Railroads  (Electric) 

Railroads  (Elevated) 

Railroads  (Steam) 

Railroads    (Miscellaneous) 

Rain 

Rapid  Transit 

Rats 

Real  Estate 

Recipes 

Reciprocity 

Recluse 

Records 

Recount 

Reformation 

Regatta 

Registration 

Relics 

Religion 

Republican 

Rescue 


Ptomaines 

Publishers 

Pulp 

Pulpit 

Puzzle 


and  Publishing: 


Q 


Quarry 


R 


Reservoir 

Restaurant 

Reunion 

Revenue 

Revolver 

Rheumatism 

Riding 

Rifle  Shooting 

Riot 

Ripper 

River 

Road 

Robbery 

Rogues'  Gallery 

Rowdyism 

Rowing 

Royal 

Rubber 

Rug 

Runaway 

Runaway 

Run  Over 


(Children) 
(Horses) 


S 


Safes 

Sales 

Salespeople 

Saloon 

Salt 

Sand 

Savages 

Scalded 

Schools 

Schools 

Schools 

Schools 

Sculptors 

Sea 

Seals  (Animals) 

Seamen 

Seasons 


(Church) 
(Private) 
(Public) 
(Miscellaneous) 
and   Sculpture 


Sentence 

Sermon 

Servants 

Settlements 

Sewers 

Sewing 

Sex 

Ship 

Shipping 

Shoe 

Shooting 

Sidewalk 

Sight 

Signal 

Signs 

Silk 

Silver 


30 


Silver   Wedding 
Skating 

Skull 

Slander 

Slaughter 

Sleep 
Smoke 
Smoking 
Smuggling 

Snake 
Sneezing 
Snow- 
Soap 
S<  >cial 
Social    Evil 
Socialism 
Societies 
Soldier 
S<  tng 

South  Pole 
Souvenir 
Speed 
Spelling 
Spiritualism 
Sports 
Stabbing 
Stable 
Stage 

Stammering 
Star 
Starvation 


( !ars 
Cleaning 


Statue 

Steamboats   and   Steamships 

Stockings 

Stocks 

Stomach 

Stone 

Stories 

Storm 

Stove 

Stowaway 

Strangulation 

Straw    \  ote 

Street 

Street 

Street 

Strike 

Student 

Studio 

Submarine 

Subways 

Suffocation 

Sugar 

Suicide 

Summer 

Sun 

Sunday 

Superstition 

Surgery 

Swearing 

Swimming 

Swindling 


T 


Table 

Tailors 

Tar  and  Feathers 

Tariff    (Foreign   Countries) 

Tariff    (U.   S.) 

Tax   (Income) 

Tax    (Single) 

Taxes    (Miscellaneous) 

Taxicab 

Taxidermy 

Tea 

Teachers 

Teeth 

Telegraph 

Telegraph    (Wireless) 

Telephone 

Tenement 

Tennis    (Court) 

Tennis    (Lawn) 

Theatres 


Theatrical 

Threats 

Tickets 

Tide 

Time 

Tips 

Titles    (of  Nobility,  etc.) 

Tobacco 

Tornado 

Torped*  i 

Tourists 

Tourney 

Toys 

Trade 

Train 

Train    Robbery 

Tramps 

Trance 

Travel   and    Travelers 

Treasure 


31 


Treaty 

Tunnel 

Trees 

Turf    (Foreign) 

Trials 

Turf    (U.   S.) 

Trotting 

Turtle 

Truck 

Twins 

Trunk 

Typewriter 

Trust    Companies 

Typhoid 

Trusts 

Typographical 

Tuberculosis 

U 

Undertakers 

U.  S.  Congress   (Miscell.) 

Unemployed 

U.   S.   Government 

Uniforms 

l'.  S.  Marine  Corps 

Union 

U.    S.   Militarv   Academy 

Unitarians 

U.  S.  Mint 

U.   S.   Congress 

(House  ) 

U.   S.  Naval  Academy 

U.   S.  Congress 

(Senate) 

Universities 
V 

Vacation 

Vegetarians 

Vaccination 

Verdict 

Vagrancy 

Veterans 

Vandalism 

Vice 

Vatican 

Vivisection 

Vaudeville 

Volcano 

Vegetables 

W 

Wagon 

White  Slavery 

Waiters 

Widows 

Walking 

Wills 

Wall 

Wind 

War 

Winter 

Washing 

Wire   Tappers 

Watch 

Witness 

Water 

Wolf 

Waterways 

Woman 

Weapon 

Woman   Suffrage 

Weather 

Wood 

Weights  and    M 

easures 

Wool 

Wells 

Words 

Whale 

Works 

Wheat 

World 

Whisky 

Wrecks    (Marine) 

Whist 

Wrecks    (Railroad) 

Whistling 

Wrestling 

White  House 

Yachting 

Yachts    (Auxiliary) 

Yachts    (Power  I 

Zoological 


Y 


Yachts    (Sailing) 
Yellow  Fever 


Z 


32 


Jn  the  preceding  list,  sonic  subjects  arc  given  in  the 
singular  form,  while  others  are  in  the  plural.  This  is 
not  accidental,  but  has  a  reason  in  most  instances.  Either 
the  meaning  of  the  subject  is  made  clearer  by  using  the 
singular  or  plural  form,  respectively,  or  there  may  be 
some  other  cause  for  it,  which  will  be  more  readily  un- 
derstood by  the  practical  newspaper  librarian  than  by 
an  ordinary  library  worker.  A  considerable  number  of 
the  headings  selected  would  also  be  objectionable  to  a 
scientific  librarian,  but  their  very  irregularity  tends  to 
show  that  they  have  been  found  useful  in  journalistic 
routine,  and,  on  that  ground,  have  been  added  to  the 
indexing  list. 

Names  of  noted  persons,  concerns  of  various  kinds, 
societies,  political  bodies,  countries,  states,  cities  and 
places,  in  general,  have  headings  of  their  own,  as  a  rule. 
There  may  be  cases,  however,  when  such  are  not  only 
unnecessary,  but  making  the  research  rather  more  diffi- 
cult, as  pointed  out  in  a  previous  paragraph  on  the  rela- 
tive importance  of  individuals  and  subjects.  Should  it 
happen  that  these  two  considerations  seem  to  weigh 
equally  in  the  balance,  i.  e.,  if  one  is  of  as  much  or  little 
significance  as  the  other,  it  will  be  safer  to  index  under 
both. 

Before  concluding  the  remarks  on  indexing,  a  little 
matter  in  connection  with  the  accumulation  of  the  re- 
corded material  in  book  form  requires  some  attention. 
In  a  daily  newspaper  are  found  numerous  "small  news" 
items,  for  instance,  advance  notes  on  coming  events, 
which,  although  they  are  of  temporary  importance  and 
therefore  must  be  indexed,  do  not  justify  their  placing 
on  permanent  record.  These  may  be  omitted  without 
risk  in  the  printed  form  of  the  index. 

VII. 
BOOK  SUGGESTIONS. 

It  would  be  almost  impossible  to  make  out  a  definite 
list  of  books  that  are  needed  in  a  newspaper  library, 
since  the  requirements  vary  in  different  offices.  How- 
ever, some  general  suggestions,  based  on  experience,  may 
be  given  along  this  line. 

In  several  of  the  selections  mentioned  here  below  the 
books  are  arranged  in  three  groups.     To  the  first  one 

33 


belong  such  as  seem  almost  indispensable.  In  the  sec- 
ond are  works  which  are  very  useful,  but  not  absolutely 
necessary.  They  may  rather  be  considered  as  supple- 
mentary material,  which  should  be  acquired  only  if  cir- 
cumstances will  permit.  The  third  group  includes  books 
that  will  make  a  newspaper  library  still  more  complete. 
In  the  enumeration  of  these  books  no  prejudice  what- 
sover  is  contemplated.  Other  works  than  those  named 
under  the  respective  headings  may  be  just  as  suitable 
and  useful.  The  lists  as  made  out  are  merely  suggestive, 
although  the  books  in  them  have  not  been  picked  out  at 
random.  Experience  has  proved  their  usefulness,  but 
as  has  just  been  remarked,  this  does  not  preclude  the 
selection  of  other  meritorious  works,  which  may  be  of 
just  as  great  value   for  journalistic   reference  purposes. 

GENERAL  REFERENCE  WORKS 

Dictionaries . 

Century   Cyclopedia   and  Dictionary 
French,  James  and  Mole 
German,   Elwell 
Latin,    Appleton's 


Webster's   New   International 
French,    Clifton    and    Grimanx 
German,  Thieme-Preusser 
Italian,   Mel/i 
Spanish.   Bustamente 


American   Diet,  of   Slang,   Maitland 
Diet,  of  Americanisms,  Bartlett 
French,  Spiers  and  Surenne 
German,    Fluegel 
German,  Muret-Sanders 
Italian,    James    and    Grassi 
Spanish,  Velazquez 

Encyclopedias  and  Encyclopedic  Works  on  Special  Subjects: 

Encyclopedia  Americana 
Familiar   Quotations,    Bartlett 
Church    Dictionary   and    Cyclopedia 
Bible,   with   commentaries 

Young  Folks'  Cycl.  of  Art  and  Literature,  Champlin 
Element.  Hist,  of  Art.   Architecture,   Sculpture  and   Paint- 
ing. D'Anvers 
Manual  of  Mythology,  A.  S.  Murray 
Haydn's   Dictionary  of  Date< 


34 


New   International   Encyclopedia 

Dictionary   of    Classical   Quotations    (  Bohn   scries) 
Adeline's    Art    Dictionary 
Dictionary   of   Bible,  Smith 
I  [arper's  Book  of   Facts 
Cyclopedia   of    Engl.   Literature,   Chambers 
Cyclopedia  of  Music   and   Musicians.   Stokes 
Harper's  Diet,  of  Classical  Literature  and  Antiquities 
Historical  Reference   Book,  Heilprin 

Goodholme's    Domestic    Cyclopedia   of    Practical    Informa- 
tion 
Mythology  of  Greece  and  Rome,   A.   Fairbanks 
Architecture  for  General   Readers.    II.   II.  Statham 
Five  Thousand    Facts  and  Fancies 
Tabular  Views  of  Universal  History,  G.   P.   Putnam 


Encyclopedia   Britannica 

Catholic   Encyclopedia 

Encyclopedia    of    Religious    Knowledge,    Schaff-Herzog 

Jewish  Encyclopedia 
Words.    Facts    and    Phrases,    Edwards 
Lives  of   the   Saints,    Butler 
Larned's   Historj    for   Ready  Reference 
Historians'  History  of  the  World 
Smith's  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Mythology 
Dispensatorv    of    the    LT.    S. 
Pocket  Medical   Dictionary.  Gould 
Literary   Curiosities.   W.    S.   Walsh 
Xew   Encyclopedia  of   Social  Reform 
Household    Book    of    Poetry 
Mercantile  Dictionary,  I.  de  Yeitelle 
Index  Guide  to  Travel  and  Art.  L.  C.  Loomis 
Cyclopedia  of  Music  and  Musicians,  J.  D.  Champlin 
Dictionary  of   Music.   H.   Riemann 

Cyclopedia  of   Painters   and   Paintings,   J.   D.   Champlin 
Handbook  of  Architectural  Styles.  A  .A.  Rosengarten 
Book  of  Davs.  Chambers 
Literary  Leaders  of  America,  R.  Burton 
Great  Words   from   Great  Americans 
Proverbs  and    Phrases  of  All    Ages.   R.   Christy 
Encyclopedia   of   Sport,  ed.  by  Earl   of  Suffolk  and   Berk- 
shire  et   al. 


Annuals,  etc: 

Statesman's   Year   Book 
American    Year   Book 


Yew  International   Year  Book 

Hazell's  Annual 

Lord    Brassey's    Naval    Annual 


Whitaker's   Almanac 
Jewish   Year  Book 


35 


Poor's    Manual    of    Railroads 

Corporation    Service    (Moody's   Manual) 

Manual   of   Statistics,   Stock   Exchange   Hand   Book 

■1  liases  and  Gazetteers: 

Commercial  Atlas  of  America.  Rand,  McNally  &  Co. 
New   Gazetteer  of  the  World,  Lippincott 
Philips'  Chamber  of  Commerce  Atlas 
Atlas  of   Modern   Geography,   Stieler 
Atlas  and  Gazetteer,  Harmsworth 


Directories  of  Addresses,  etc.: 

Amer.  Newspaper  Manual.  Ayer 

College  and   School   Directory,   Patterson 

Legal  Directory,  Hubbell   (also  Digest  of  State  Laws) 

Official  Catholic  Directory 


Directory  of  Attorneys   and  Banks,  Wilber 

International  Cable  Directory 

Lloyd's  Register 

Commercial    Directory  of  the  American   Republics 


BIOGRAPHICAL  WORKS 

Dictionaries  and  Cyclopedias,  General: 

Pronouncing  Biographical  Dictionary,  Lippincott 
Cyclopedia  of  American  Biography,  Appleton 


Men  and  Women  of  America 

National  Cyclopedia  of  American  Biographv.   J.  T.  White 
&  Co. 

Who's  WHo  Series: 

International  Who's  Who 
Who's   Who   in   America 
Umanach  de  Gotha 


Who's  Who  (English) 
Wer  Ist's  (German  ) 
Qui   Etes-Vous    ( French) 
Who's  Who  in  N.  Y.  State 
Whitaker's  Peerage 


Who's  Who  in   [apan 
Chi   E.    (Italian    Who's   Who) 
Burke's   Peerage  and   Baronetage 
Burke's    Landed   Gentry 

3r, 


Professional  Directories: 

Official    Army    Register   of   U.    S. 
Register   of    (J.    S.    Navy   and   .Marino   Corps 
Official  Register  of  U.  S. 
Congressional   Directory 


\\"li"*s  Who  in  Finance 

Who's    Who   in    Insurance 

Who's  Who  on  the  Stage 

Officers  of  Civil    War.   Powell 

Medical  Register  and  Directory  of  N.  Amer.,  Polk 


Actors'  Birthday  Book 

Minerva,  Handbuch  der  Gelchrten  Welt 

GENERAL   TOPICS 

History: 

General   History  of   Europe,   Thatcher 
History  of  the   United   States,   E.   B.   Andrews 
History  of  U.  S.  Navy,  J.  R.  Spears 


Story  of  the  Revolution,  H.  C.  Lodge 

American  Civil  War,  J.   Formby 

United  States  Navy,  E.  S.  Maclay 

Civil   War  Trough  the   Camera 

Our  Navy  in  the  War  With  Spain,  J.  R.  Spears 


History  of  the  U.  S.,  Bancroft 

Literary  History  of  America,  B.  Wendell 

American  Merchant   Marine,  W.  L.   Marvin 

The  United  States  and  Foreign  Powers,  W.  E.  Curtis 

Recollections   of   Civil   War,    C.   A.   Dana 

History  of  Civilisation,  Seignobos 

Three  Years'  War,   Gen.   C.  R.  De   Wet 

Natural  History: 

American  Natural  History.  W.  T.  Hornaday 
Book  of  the  Animal  Kingdom,  W.  P.  Westell 


American  Birds,  W.  L.  Finley 

Familiar  Fishes.  E.  McCarthy 

Familiar  Flowers  of  Field  and  Garden,  F.  S.  Mathews 

Familiar  Trees  and  Their  Leaves,  F.  S.  Mathews 

Xew  Book  of  the  Dog.  ed.  by  R.  Leighton 


Color  Key  to  N.  American  Birds,  F.  M.  Chapman 
Book  of  Fish  and  Fishing,  L.  Rhead 
Zoologv,   J.   A.   Thomson 

Insect    Book    and    other    Nat.    Hist.    vols,    in    Doubleday, 
Page   &   Co.   seri< 

Civics: 

Government   in   State  and  Nation,   A.  H.  Sanford 
Problems  of  City  Government.  L.  S.  Rowe 


37 


Initiative.  Referendum  and  Recall,  W.  B.  Munro 
City  Government  by  Commission.  C.  R.  Woodruff 
Rights  of  Women,  M.  Ostrogorski 


Handbook  of   Socialism.   W.  D.   P.   Bliss 
Regulation  of   Municipal  Utilities.   C.  L.  King 

Finance: 

Financial  Crises,  T.  E.  Burton 
American  Corporations.  T.  J.  Sullivan 
Work  of  Wall  St..  S.  S.   Pratt 
Modern  Industrialism.  F.  L.   McYey 
The  Truth  about  the  Trusts.  J.  Moody 

Science  and  Inventions: 

Popular  Astronomy.   C.   Flammarion 

Aerial  Navigation.  A.  F.  Zahm 

Conquest  of  the  Air.  A.  Berget 

Aerial  Warfare,  R.  P.  Hearne 

Races  of   Man.  O.   Peschel 

Electricity  in  Daily  Life.  C.  F.  Brackett  et  al. 

Story  of  the  Altantic  Telegraph,  Rev.  Ff.   M.   Field 

Geology,  K.  von  Zitter 

Interpretation   of  Radium,    Soddy 

Miscellaneous: 

Navigator's  Pocket  Book,   Capt.  Ff.   Patterson 

Boat  Sailor's  Manual.  E.  F.  Qualtrough 

Model  Yachts  and  Boats.  J.   Du  V.   Grosvenor 

Handbook  of  Heraldry,  J.   E.  Cussans 

Costumes  Historiques,  Racinet 

Punctuation,  F.  H.  Teale 

Some  Ill-Used  Words.  A.   Avers 

Practical  Journalism,  E.  L.   Shuman 

Newspaper  Reporting  and  Correspondence,  G.  M.  Hyde 

Modern   Advertising,  Calkins  and  Holden 

Tables  of  Weights,  Measures.  Coins,  etc.,  T.  Egleston 

Modern  Accounting,   H.  R.  Hatfield 

Industrial  Evolution  of  the  U.  S.,  C.  D.  Wright 

Emigration   and   Immigration.   R.    M.    Smith 

The  Other  Americans,  A.  Ruhl 

The  Earth's  History,  R.  D.   Roberts 

Earthquakes,  J.  Milne 

Ocean    and   Inland    Water   Transportation,    E.    R.   Johnson 

American  Railway  Transportation,    E.   R.  Johnson 

Scientific   American   Handbook  of   Travel 

Book  of  Games,  Mary  White 

First   Aid  in    I  lines-  and    Injury.  J.    E.    Pilcher 

Harper's  series  of  Boys'  Books 

Dan  C.  Beard  series  of  Boys'   Books 

Lina  and  Adelia   Beard  series  of  '.iris'   Books 

- 


VIII. 

SAMPLES  OF  CARDS,  Etc. 
Catalogue  Cards.    Size,  2x4  inches;  ruled  5  or  6  lines 

ASTRONOMY 

Olcott,  W.  T.— In  Starland  with 


a   Three-Inch   Telescope 


Illus.,  pi.,  X.  Y.,  1909 


O 


Receipt  Cards.     Size  2x4  inches.     Printed   form  as   follows 


(  Name  of  Newspaper  Office) 

(Date) 


T  acknowledge  receipt  from  the  Librarian 
of  the  above  described  material  for  temporary 
use  in  ray  department  and  agree  to  return  it  to 
him  within  a  reasonable  time  or  to  reimburse 
the    office    for    its    mutilation,    damage    or    loss. 

Signed 
Issued 
Returned 


•a* 


Indexing  Cards.  Size,  3  x  5  inches.  Any  cheap  qualit)  o\  Hun 
cardboard  will  do,  providing  that  it  be  stiff  enough  to  make 
handling  easy  in  setting  up  cards  in  tray   for  alphabetization. 

DIVORCE  M 

Nemo,  X..  sues  wife,  names  X.  Y.  Jones  co- 
respondent, portr.  of  .Mrs. 

(3(1  A)         Sp     I.     3-     r>- 


Last  line  in  the  above  card  reads  in  full: 

(3d    edition.    2nd    section),    [912,    September    1,    page    3, 
column  6. 
When  indexer,  in  writing  down  an  entry,  makes  no  mention 
of    edition    or    .section,    he    is    supposed    to    mean    the    first    one    in 
either   cas 

39 


Index  Record  Cards.  Size  5x8.  Thin  white  cardboard,  not 
liable  to  crack  when  placed  in  typewriter.  Ruled  with  one 
line  only,  about  Y\  inch  from  top. 


Xemo,  N.   N.  (Merchant,  N.  Y.) 


Sues  wife  for  divorce,  names  X.  Y. 

Jones  12  Sp     i     36 

Mrs.,  portrait  136 

Date  for  divorce  trial  432 

Divorce  case  opens,  portr.  of   Mrs.  Oc     247 

Divorce,  sensational  evidence,  detls.  3    4    5 

Decree   granted,    divorce   case  652 

Leaves  for  Europe  Dc    15     9     1 


Inquiry  Record.    Size  of  page  to  suit ;  ruled. 


INQUIRY  RECORD. 
(Name  of  Newspaper  Office) 
(Date) 


Subject  Inquirer  Attendant     Time  Result 

Marine   Wrecks  Jones  Smith       10  min.       Fd. 

Morgan,  J.  P.  Collins  "             5      " 

Jones,  X.  "  "            15      "         N.  R. 


Fd. — Found,    meaning  that   the   inquirer  obtained  the   infor- 
mation   lie    was    seeking. 

X.  R. — No  Record,  meaning  that  the  library  could  supply  no 
information  about  the  person  or  subject  in  question. 

40 


-    •    v  •   ••  #  .  • 


-  -   «    •  i 


•  •    « 


»  ,  •  .  <  •   •< 


Service  Record.    Size  of  page  to  suit;  ruled. 

(Name  6 f  "Newspaper  Office) 

LIBRARY  SERVICE  SCHEDULE. 

(Date) 

(Name) 

In  charge    8  A.  M—  5  P.  M. 

[nquiry  Clerk "     9  A.  M.-6  P.  M. 

fndexer "     5  P.  M.-i  A.  M. 

I  ndexer "     7  P.  M.— 3  A.  M. 

Typist    "     9  A.  M.— 5  P.  M. 


■  1  • 


Absent:  J.  Smith,  day  off 

P.  Jones,  reported  sick 


Cards  written  410 

Cards  entered  on  record 400 

Inquiries    67 

New   obit,   envelopes 5 

Old  obit,  envelopes  supplemented 8 

Portraits  and  pictures  filed 7 

Books  accessioned  3 


IX. 

LIBRARY  FURNITURE. 

For  the  books  any  kind  of  cases  may  be  used.  Mark 
these  by  letters,  from  A  on.  If  the  alphabet  should  not 
be  sufficient  for  marking  all  sections,  commence  it  over 
again,  only  doubling  the  letters,  AA,  etc.  Shelves  of 
each  bookcase  are  numbered  from  bottom  up.  Thus 
if  a  book  is  marked  A  4,  it  must  be  looked  for  in  Case 
A,  on  the  4th  shelf  from  the  floor.  The  catalogue  re- 
quires a  cabinet  of  six  or  more  trays,  depending  on  the 
number  of  cards  to  be  filed  in  it.  Trays  should  be  about 
a  foot  deep  and  their  height  and  width  in  accordance 
with  size  of  catalogue  cards. 

With  an  average  of  500  entries  daily  and  if  the  per- 
manent index  record  is  closed  out  and  printed  at  inter- 
vals of  two  years,  the  cabinet  for  these  cards  must  have 

41 


at  least  72  trays,  or  drawers.  Surely  it  is  not  necessary 
to  get  the  entire  equipment  at  once,  as  such  cabinets 
can  be  bought  in  sections  of  4,  8  or  more  drawers.  A 
24-drawer  cabinet  is  sufficient  to  begin  with,  and  addi- 
tional sections  may  be  secured  as  the  bulk  of  the  index 
increases.  Trays  ought  not  to  be  more  than  \y2  foot 
deep,  or  they  will  be  too  heavy  for  handling  when  full. 
Width  and  height  to  correspond  with  size  of  record 
cards. 

In  regard  to  the  obituary  cabinet,  the  "Morgue,"  of 
which  has  been  spoken  before,  the  drawers  in  it  may  be 
made  as  deep  as  convenient  and  be  partitioned  off  length- 
wise, so  that  three  rows  of  envelopes  can  be  placed  in 
each.  By  this  method  space  is  saved,  and  a  greater 
number  of  envelopes  can  be  looked  over  at  one  time.  No 
catalogue  of  the  contents  in  this  cabinet  is  needed,  as 
the  material  is  arranged  in  strict  alphabetical  order  and 
the  trays  are  marked  on  the  outside  accordingly. 


VI 


